Adverbs

Adverbs can tell you where, when, how, why and to what extent something happens.

There are several different classes of adverb.

They are often formed from adjectives or nouns be adding the suffix -ly.

For example: Quick becomes quickly, sudden becomes suddenly, intelligent becomes intelligently.

To form an adverb from adjectives ending in -y change the y to ily. before adding the -

For example: angry becomes angrily, busy becomes busily.

To form an adverb from adjectives ending in -e drop the -e before adding the -ly.

For example: feeble becomes feebly, true becomes truly.

Some adjectives ending in -ly need no changes.

For example: heavenly.

However there are exceptions.

For example: sly becomes slyly, shy becomes shyly.

Some adverbs do not end in -ly.

Adverbs can modify adjectives

An adjective can be modified by an adverb, which precedes the adjective.

For example:-

That's really nice.

Adverbs can modify adverbs

Some adverbs can modify others. As with adjectives, the adverb precedes the one it is modifying.

For example:-

She did it really well.

Adverbs can modify nouns

Adverbs can modify nouns to indicate time or place.

For example:-

The concert tomorrow.

The room upstairs.

Adverbs can modify noun phrases

Some adverbs of degree such as quite, rather, so, such ... can modify noun phrases.

For example:-

We had quite a good time.

They're such good friends.

Adverbs can modify determiners, numerals and pronouns

Adverbs such as almost, nearly, hardly, about, etc., can be used:

For example:-

Nearly everyone, who was invited, came to the party.

Adverbs can modify sentences

Some adverbs modify a whole sentence, not just a part of one.

For example:-

Luckily the car stopped in time. In this sentence luckily modifies the whole sentence, it shows that it was good luck that the car stopped in time.

Adverbs of Degree

These adverbs tell us the strength or intensity of something that happens. Many adverbs are gradable, that is, we can intensify them. Basically they answer the sort of question that asks How much ...? or How little...?

Adverbs of degree include; adequately, almost, entirely, extremely, greatly, highly, hugely, immensely, moderately, partially, perfectly, practically, profoundly, strongly, totally, tremendously, very, virtually etc.

For example:-

The man drove badly. = The man drove really badly. - In this sentence really shows us just how badly he drove.
They enjoyed the film. = They enjoyed the film immensely. - In this sentence immensely shows us how much they enjoyed the film.

These intensifiers are not gradable though, you cannot say The man drove extremely very badly.

Adverbs of Duration

These adverbs tell us how long something happened.

They include; briefly, forever, long, shortly, permanantly, temporarily . . .

For example:

"They were occupied." = "They were briefly occupied." - In this sentence briefly shows us the duration.

"The phone was out of order." = "The phone was temporarily out of order." - In this sentence temporarily shows us the duration.

Adverbs of Frequency

Some adverbs tell us how often something is done. These include; always, constantly, continually, frequently, infrequently, intermittently, normally, occasionally, often, periodically, rarely, regularly, seldom, sometimes, . . .

For example:

shows us the frequency. shows us the frequency.

 

When something happens regularly at a fixed time we can use the following as adverbs:-

Every day	=	Daily
Every week	=	Weekly
Every fortnight (two weeks)	=	Fortnightly
Every month	=	Monthly
Every year	=	Yearly/Annually

For example:

I get a newspaper every day. = I get the newspaper daily.
I pay my rent every month. = I pay my rent monthly.

Adverbs of Manner

Some adverbs tell us how an action is or should be performed.

Often these adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the end of an adjective.

Adjectives ending -l add -ly ; careful-carefully.

Adjectives ending -y change to -ily ; lucky-luckily

Adjectives ending -ble change to -bly ; responsible-responsibly

adjective	adverb
anxious	anxiously
bad	badly
beautiful	beautifully
capable	capably
lucky	luckily
quick	quickly
weak	weakly

For example:

Adverbs of Place

Some adverbs indicate where something happens.

These include; abroad, anywhere, here, outside, somewhere, there, underground, upstairs.

For example:

My passport is here in my bag.

Place	Example
Upstairs	The children were playing upstairs.
In London	The people demonstrated in London.
Outside	The children were playing outside.

 

Adverbs of Probability

These adverbs tell us the likelihood of something happening.

They include; certainly, definitely, doubtless, maybe, perhaps, possibly, probably etc.

For example:

We will win the game. = We will certainly win the game. - In this sentence certainly shows us the probability.

Adverbs of Time

Some adverbs tell us when something happened.

These include:afterwards, later, now, soon, yesterday.

For example:-

Yesterday all my troubles seemed so far away. - In this sentence yesterday shows us when.

Other adverbs of time include:-

Time	Example
Saturday, Sunday ...	I am going to the shops on Monday.
Today	I've been to the shops today.
Yesterday	I went yesterday.
Next week/month/year	I am going next week.
Last week/month/year	I went last year.
Finally	I finally went.
Eventually	I eventually went to the shops.
Already	I've already been to the shops.
Soon	I'm going to the shops soon.
Just	I'm just going to the shops.
Still	I'm still at the shops.

Comperative Adverbs

When we compare what two things or people do we look at what makes one different from the other.

Adverbs of comparison are used to show what one thing does better or worse than the other.

When an adverb ends in -ly, more is put in front of the adverb.

For example:-

• "Jill did her homework more frequently."

The rule for forming the comparative of an adverb is if it has the same form as an adjective add the suffix -er to the end.

For example:-

• "Jill did her homework faster."

The following irregular adverbs are exceptions to this rule:

• 'well' becomes 'better'
• 'badly' becomes 'worse'
• 'little' becomes 'less'

For example:

• "Jill was better."
• "Jack was worse."
• "To lose weight you need to eat less."

When comparing two things you need to put than between the adverb and what is being compared.

For example:-

• "Jill did her homework faster than Jack."
• "Jill did her homework more frequently than Jack."

Superlative

The superlative form of an adverb is used to say what thing or person does something to the greater degree within a group or of its kind. Superlatives can be preceded by 'the'.

The rule for forming the superlative of an adverb is if it has the same form as an adjective add the suffix -est to the end.

For example:-

• fast - "Jill ran the fastest."

When an adverb ends in -ly, most is put in front of the adverb.

For example:-

• Frequently - "Jill did her homework most frequently."

The following irregular adverbs are exceptions:-

• 'well' becomes 'the best'
• 'badly' becomes 'the worst'

For example:

• "Jill did the best in the test."
• "Jack did the worst in the test."